1.a handul of 一把…；少数，少量（接可数或不可数名词）
a handful of rice 一把米
a handful of letters 一叠信
We invited 30 people，but only a handful of them came.
我们邀请了三十人，但只来了寥寥数人。
2.tear down 拆毁，拆除；诋毁，毁坏（荣誉）
They’re tearing down the old houses to build a high building.
他们正在拆旧房准备盖高楼。
He was trying to tear down Mr Li’s good name by saying some bad words
behind him.
他企图用在背后说坏话的方式毁坏李先生的好名声。
区别
burn down 烧毁
put down 镇压；记录下来；缴纳，支付
break down 打破，粉碎；拆开，分解；压倒
settle down 安静下来；安下心来（做某事）；定居
pull down 拆毁（建筑物）
3.have trouble with sb. 和…闹纠纷
We had trouble with our neighbours over he noise that they were making.
我们和邻居闹纠纷，因为他们太吵闹了。
4.get changed = become changed
get 系动词，表示过程
比较：
5.in the rush = in a hurry 匆匆，很快。
in a rush 大忙特忙
with a rush 猛地，哄地一下子
rush hour 交通高峰时间
6.turn away 把…打发走；转过脸去
He was turned away from the company by the boss.
他被老板解雇，离开公司了。
7.become known as 以…著称，被称为…
be known for… 因…而出名
be known to… 为…所熟知
make known 发表，公布
make oneself known to sb.（正式）向某人作自我介绍
make sth. known to sb. 向某人公布某事
Edison was known to the world as a great inventor and he was best known for the invention of the electric light.
爱迪生世界公认的伟大发明家，他尤其是以发明电灯而闻名。
8.apart adv.分开，单独；在一边；撇开（不谈）
take…apart拆开；批评，攻击
apart from = except for /besides除…之外；且莫说
joking apart说正经的
If I see the two boys apart，I don’t know which is which.
如果这两个男孩不在一起，我就分不清谁是谁了。
Apart from the cost，the shirt doesn’t fit me.
除价格（太贵）外，这衬衣尺寸也不合适。
9.live by doing sth.
They lived by hunting.他们靠打猎为生。
by = by means of 靠…方式，手段
He learns English by reading.
他靠阅读学英语。
by用法：prep.
by bus（各种交通工具）
by now到现在
by the lake在湖边
by accident偶然
by chance碰巧
by mistake弄错
step by step逐步地
one by one一个一个地
day by day一天一天地
by oneself独自
by the way沿途，顺便说一下
They are paid by the day.他们的工资按日计算。
by far （修饰比较级或最高级）远远地，大大地，最…
adv.（从某处前或附近）经过，在附近
come by走过来
run by跑过
stand by站在附近
by and by过一会儿，不久
10.now that conj.既然，因为（=since）
Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
11.onwards adv.向前，前进，在前面
move onwards向前移动
from now onwards从现在开始
12.take possession of…占有，占领，没收
The policeman took possession of the thief ’s bag.
这位警察夺走了小俞的包。
get possession of 取得
win possession of赢得
have possession of = be in possession of 拥有
come into possession of 得到
come into sb.’s possession = come into the possession of sb.落入某人之手，为某人所有
13.object v.
反对，不赞成object to…反对…
I object to your smoking.我反对你抽烟。
He objects to the wet weather.他讨厌潮湿的天气。
object n.物体；目标；宾语
14.in turn 轮流，一个换一个地；反过来
We clean our room in turn.
我们轮流做卫生。
take turns at doing sth.轮流做某事
15.have an effect on…对…产生影响
Some films have a misleading effect on children.有些电影对儿童起了引入歧途的作用。
开始生效be in effect 有效，在实施中
be of no effect 毫无作用