Unit 21 Karl Marx	李萌
[单元要点] [疑难解析] [过关题] [窥视高考]

[单元要点]

(一)单词和词组

(二)日常交际用语

1.How are you getting on with your English lessons?
2.My grammar is improving, but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.
3.Are you making good progress? I find…easiest / most difficult.

[疑难解析]

1.How are you getting on / along (with…)
这是一个常用的交际用语，用来询问对方的工作、学习、生活、生意等的进展情况。问句中常用进行时态。如果只问生活或健康情况就不要with短语。
get on(with)也可作‘与…相处’
例：How are you getting on?你生活得怎么样？
How are you getting along with your studies?你学习情况如何？
(或：How are your studies getting on?)
He is getting on well with his classmates.
他和同学相处很好。
对于这类问题应据实回答
例：It's getting on well / badly…
I am getting on well / badly with…
但最后一定要说：Thank you.以示礼貌。
2.A man was walking through a wood and he came across a woodcutter.
有一个人正在穿过森林，这时也遇到了一位樵夫。
come across (偶然)遇见，(偶然)发现
例：I came across him in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇到了他。
3.I'm going to cut this tree down.我打算砍倒这棵树。
cut down砍倒（知道cut sb. down的意思吗？正是所谓“撂倒”——打伤（死）某人。）
例：Seven tress have been cut down.有七棵树被砍倒了。
4.own adj.自己的
例：This is the room of my own.
这是我自己的房间。
I saw it with my own eyes.
我是亲眼目睹的。
5.with lots of small pieces of wood in front of him.
是介词短语作伴随状语。
其结构为: with+名词+介词短语
例：The teacher comes into the classroom, with a book in her hand.(更简略的说是book in hand)
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。
6.I'm cutting this tree up.我把这棵树劈碎。
cut up切碎（up常表示“全部、完全”的意味，如clear up清理干净，use up用光，eat up吃光，tear up撕得粉碎）
例：The apples should be cut up into small pieces like this.
苹果应该象这样切成碎块。
7.Are you making good progress ?
你进步很快吗？
make progress取得进步
例：He made no progress in his studies.
他的学业没有什么进步。
8.force vi.强迫
force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
be forced to do被迫于某事
例：You shouldn't force him to go with you if he doesn't want to.
如果他不想去，你不该逼他。
We were forced to stand there for two hours.
我们被迫在那站了两个小时。
另有一个词oblige意为强迫，但是出于责任感和自愿的强迫。此句“我们”大概是在罚站，那么请看下面这句话：
The Yugoslav(南斯拉夫)people were obliged to stand hand in hand on the bridge to protect it from the bombing of NATO(北约).
9.Before long he had to move on again.
不久他又不得不搬迁。
before long不久，不久以后
=soon
例：Class will be over before long.
快要下课了。
10.表示“如此…以至…”的两个句型:
(1)such+a(n)+(adj.)+单数可数名词+that从句
such+(adj.)+复数可数名词+that从句
such+(adj.)+不可数名词+that从句
(2)so+adj./adv.+that从句
例：She is such a lovely girl that everybody likes her.
她如此可爱，大家全喜欢她。
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
这些书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
It is so hot that we don't want to go out.
天太热，我们都不想出去了。
11.Marx wrote back to say that Engel's praise had greatly encouraged him.
马克思写回信说，恩格斯的表扬对他的鼓励很大。
encourage vt.鼓励
encourage sb. to to sth.鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. in在某方面鼓励某人
例：The headmaster encouraged the teachers to work harder.
校长鼓励教师们努力工作。
You should encourage your child in his studies.
你应该鼓励孩子努力学习。
12.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things
——the grammar and some of the idioms.
但是，他继续解释说，在语法和某些习惯用语方面他还是不太有把握。
(1)go on to do“接着”做另一件事情。
go on doing“继续”做原事（与原来做的事情相同）
例：After the had read Lesson 4, he went on to read Lesson 5.
读完第四课，他接着读第五课。
You shouldn't go on living this way.
你不应当这样继续生活。
(2)be sure about 自信，有把握，（主语→人，about=of）
be sure to do一定做，（主语→人/物）
be sure that相信（主语→人）
be sure whether / where确信（主语→人）
例：He is sure to come.他一定会来。
It's sure to rain.一定会下雨。
I'm sure (that) he is honest.我相信他是诚实的。
I'm not sure where I will spend my vacation.
我不能确定在哪儿度假。
13.In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it.
在随后的几年中，马克思继续不断地学习和使用英语。
that followed是定语从句，修饰the years，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。
keep on doing“继续”（进行），“继续作某事”，与go on doing同义。
例：We kept on working after dark.
天黑了，我们还继续干。
They kept on talking when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，他们还在说话。
14.In the 1870s', when Marx was already in this fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian.
在19世纪70年代，马克思已经50多岁了，他觉得研究俄国的形势很重要，所以开始学习俄语。
1)1870s'也可以写成1870's，读做eighteen seventies.
2)in his fifties 在他50几岁时
fifties是fifty的复数形式，指年龄从50岁到59岁。
依次类推
twenties二十几岁
thirties三十几岁
forties四十几岁
3)句中的it是found的形式宾语，真正的宾语是to study the situation in Russia, 而important是宾语补足语。
例：I found it difficult to master some English idioms.
我觉得掌握某些英语习惯用语是很难的。
They found it easy to get on with him.
他们觉得与他相处很容易。

[窥视高考]

[1]完形填空
　　The lights were 1 , so my taxi had 2 . When they changed to green again, an old lady was 3 crossing the street in front of the taxi. So of course the driver 4 . But as soon as the driver of the car 5 saw the green light, he began to blow his horn.
　　My taxi-driver 6 opened his door, got out, pointed to the driver's seat which he had just 7 , and said to the man who was blowing the horn, “Sir, you get 8 my taxi and drive over 9 . I always feel so 10 when I drive over the ladies.”

1.　A.bright 　B.red 　C.green 　D.lighted
2.　A.to stay 　B.to leave 　C.to start 　D.to stop
3.　A.slowly 　B.quickly 　C.rapidly 　D.hurriedly
4.　A.stopped 　B.lifted 　C.waited　 D.turned
5.　A.front 　B.behind 　C.below 　D.ahead
6.　A.puzzledly 　B.eagerly 　C.calmly 　D.surprisely
7.　A.left 　B.forgot 　C.lost 　D.missed
8.　A.in 　B.on 　C.into　 D.off
9.　A.him 　B.them 　C.it 　D.her
10.　A.sorry 　B.interested 　C.uncomfortable 　D.impossible

答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C
1.命题目的：考查分析下文，逻辑推理。
解题关键：changed to green again 是信息，故在此前应是红灯。
错解剖析：bright明亮，故答案A错。
3.命题目的：考查常识性的推理。
解题关键：老人过街动作一般比较慢，用slowly.
错解剖析：答案D接近正确，但无上下文说明老人过街匆忙的原因，因此是错的。
5.命题目的：考查方位词的确定。
解题关键：结合交通常识，后面的车只见绿灯，而不见老人过街，故用behind.
错解剖析：below下面，而公路上只有前后，无上下之分。
7.命题关键：考查动词辩异。
解题关键：掌握leave“离开”，并放入语境中。
错解剖析：此处指“刚离开的座位”，与“丢失”，“忘记”等词义无关，故答案B、C错。
8.命题目的：考查介词into的用法。
解题关键：掌握“上车”的几种用法。
（考点速记）get on上车 get into上车（多指轿车）
get off下车 get out of下车（多指轿车）
错解剖析：上出租车只能用get into,其它搭配错。

[2]阅读理解

（微型短文剖析）
命题目的：考查概括主旨和大意的能力。

1.So although the weather was very changeable and in hr>

[2]阅读理解

（微型短文剖析）
命题目的：考查概括主旨和大意的能力。

1.So although the weather was very changeable and in some cases caused us serious inconvenience (不方便). On the whole our holiday, which we had planned in great detail several months before, turned out to be satisfactory.
What turned out to be satisfactory?
　A.The weather. 　B.We 　C.Our holiday. 　D.On the whole.
答案：C
解题关键：信息词组为on the whole，“总的来说”。
错解剖析：on the whole是介词短语，不做主语，故为错。而we是定语从句中的主语。
2.The film she told me about and advised me to see when we met the other week at, I think, Celia's party turned out to very dull.
What turned out to be very dull?
　A.Celia's party 　B.The film
　C.She and her party 　D.The other week
答案：B
解题关键：分清主从句，其主句为：The film turned out to be very dull,其从句可译为：在Celia的晚会上我们见面时他对我讲的并劝我去看的（那部电影）。
错解剖析：I think只作为插入语，对主从句均无干扰。
3.The students find their listening class entertaining (欢娱) and their vocabulary class highly interesting, but they all agree that composition is a very boring subject.
　　A.The students are interested in listening.
　　B.The students are boring in vocabulary.
　　C.The students enjoy composition.
　　D.The students like composition the least.
答案：D
解题关键：like sth. the least.最不喜欢。
错解剖析：答案A接近正确，但不能概括中心意思。
4.Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, or in music, but they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world into which they have not been accepted yet.
　　A.Young people have not yet accepted the older.
　　B.The older people are made angry more easily.
　　C.Young people feel disconnected with the older people’s world.
　　D.Young people feel as if they were alone.
答案：C
解题关键：disconnected来自于connect表示“无法沟通”。
错解剖析：文中只说了一些“代沟”的问题，虽世界观不同，但各自己的生活，并不孤单，故答案D推理错误。

[3]改错

（短文剖析之一）

答案：1.in---on
2.things---the things
3.√
4.dishes---and dishes
5.much quietly----quietly
1.命题目的：考查日期的介词使用。
解题关键：新年的除夕，指新年前一天，故用on.
4.命题目的：考查并列连词。
解题关键：两项以上的事例并列，肯定句用and,否定句用or.
5.命题目的：考查much的用法。
解题关键：much修饰比较级，而不修饰形容词，副词的原形。